Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Max Horiz Disp203 m at 16.5 km
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the verified WoWS dispersion model:
Shell scatter width @ 5 km120 m
Horizontal scatter at a fixed 5 km, from the same verified dispersion model as the rows below - a knife-fight-range anchor comparable across ships.
Shell scatter width @ 10 km156 m
How wide your shells scatter at 10 km, from the same dispersion model as the max-range figure above. Picking a fixed range makes this number directly comparable from ship to ship: max-range dispersion makes a longer-range gun look worse even when it's tighter at any common range. The interactive Dispersion tab on the Charts card plots the full curve from 0 to max range.
Shell scatter width @ 15 km192 m
Horizontal scatter at a fixed 15 km, from the same verified dispersion model - the long-range anchor. Only shown when the ship's guns reach 15 km.
Max Vert Disp162.4 m at 16.5 km
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range:
Shell scatter height @ 10 km100.1 m
How tall the same scatter ellipse is at 10 km. Comparable from ship to ship for the same reason as the width value above. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data: at 0 m, at m, and at 16531.9 m. Above the kink: , so .
Med Horiz Disp60.9 m at 16.5 km
50%-hit horizontal radius:
Med Vert Disp48.7 m at 16.5 km
50%-hit vertical radius:
AP Pen Close859.3 mm point-blank
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: . Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far473.2 mm at 16.5 km
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (16.5 km), where the shell has slowed to 523.1 m/s: .
AP pen 5 km708 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 5 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP pen 10 km587 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 10 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP pen 15 km496 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 15 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP flight time @ 10 km5.18 s
How long an AP shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 806 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
HE flight time @ 10 km5.63 s
How long an HE shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 805 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
HE penetration68 mm
68 mm ≈ 410 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch28 mm
floor(410 mm caliber / 14.3) = 28 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius150
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha8
All 8 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time47.4 s
180 degrees / 3.8 deg/s traverse speed = 47.4 s.
HE full-salvo alpha52,000
6,500 HE damage x 8 broadside guns = 52,000.
AP full-salvo alpha100,800
12,600 AP damage x 8 broadside guns = 100,800.
HE DPM124,800
52,000 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 25 s base reload = 124,800.
AP DPM241,920
100,800 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 25 s base reload = 241,920.
Shells/min19.2
8 broadside guns x 60 / 25 s base reload = 19.2.
Fires/min5.76
19.2 shells/min x 30% fire chance = 5.76.
AA defense
AA DPS at max range39
Only families that reach 5 km contribute at the outer edge of the AA bubble. In-game families: 25mm Type96 14x3 -> 74 DPS @ 3.1 km; 25mm Type96 single 24x1 -> 126 DPS @ 3.1 km; 25mm Type96 double 12x2 -> 63 DPS @ 3.1 km; 127mm40 Type 89 4x2 -> 39 DPS @ 5 km.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching family on the in-game AA card. Base AirDefense aura max range is 3.1 km; dual-purpose mount auras extend it.
AA DPS layered by range39 DPS @ 5 km, 302 DPS @ 3.1 km
Cumulative AA DPS at each family range threshold. Inner ranges stack the outer families, so a target closing the distance hits stronger AA bubbles as it crosses each band.
AA DPS at point-blank302
Sum of every family's average DPS, achievable only inside the closest-range family (3.1 km).
AA threat index1010
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Damage Control Party
Repair Party
Catapult Fighter 
Observation Seaplane 
Secondary Battery Booster 
