Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Max Horiz Disp93 m at 10.4 km
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the verified WoWS dispersion model:
Shell scatter width @ 5 km52.5 m
Horizontal scatter at a fixed 5 km, from the same verified dispersion model as the rows below - a knife-fight-range anchor comparable across ships.
Shell scatter width @ 10 km90 m
How wide your shells scatter at 10 km, from the same dispersion model as the max-range figure above. Picking a fixed range makes this number directly comparable from ship to ship: max-range dispersion makes a longer-range gun look worse even when it's tighter at any common range. The interactive Dispersion tab on the Charts card plots the full curve from 0 to max range.
Max Vert Disp55.8 m at 10.4 km
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range:
Shell scatter height @ 10 km53.3 m
How tall the same scatter ellipse is at 10 km. Comparable from ship to ship for the same reason as the width value above. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data: at 0 m, at m, and at 10406 m. Above the kink: , so .
Med Horiz Disp27.9 m at 10.4 km
50%-hit horizontal radius:
Med Vert Disp16.7 m at 10.4 km
50%-hit vertical radius:
Dispersion familyCruiser Disp.
Standard cruiser dispersion baseline.
AP Pen Close165.8 mm point-blank
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: . Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far29 mm at 10.4 km
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (10.4 km), where the shell has slowed to 231.6 m/s: .
AP pen 5 km64 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 5 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP pen 10 km30 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 10 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
HE flight time @ 10 km9.67 s
How long an HE shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 820 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
AP flight time @ 10 km9.47 s
How long an AP shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 820 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
HE penetration20 mm
20 mm ≈ 120 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(120 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius5
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha5
Barrels that can bear on one beam (5 of 8); casemate/wing mounts only fire one side.
Turret turn time18 s
180 degrees / 10 deg/s traverse speed = 18 s.
HE full-salvo alpha8,500
1,700 HE damage x 5 broadside guns = 8,500.
AP full-salvo alpha10,000
2,000 AP damage x 5 broadside guns = 10,000.
HE DPM63,750
8,500 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 8 s base reload = 63,750.
AP DPM75,000
10,000 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 8 s base reload = 75,000.
Shells/min37.5
5 broadside guns x 60 / 8 s base reload = 37.5.
Fires/min2.62
37.5 shells/min x 7% fire chance = 2.62.
AA defense
AA DPS at max range181
Only families that reach 1.2 km contribute at the outer edge of the AA bubble. In-game families: Schwarzlose MG 3x1 -> 30 DPS @ 1 km; 12 7mm 80 Browning 8x1 -> 181 DPS @ 1.2 km.
Maximum AA range1.2 km
Longest-reaching family on the in-game AA card. Base AirDefense aura max range is 1.2 km; dual-purpose mount auras extend it.
AA DPS layered by range181 DPS @ 1.2 km, 211 DPS @ 1 km
Cumulative AA DPS at each family range threshold. Inner ranges stack the outer families, so a target closing the distance hits stronger AA bubbles as it crosses each band.
AA DPS at point-blank211
Sum of every family's average DPS, achievable only inside the closest-range family (1 km).
AA threat index247
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range1.2 km
Damage Control Party