Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Max Horiz Disp131.7 m at 15.6 km
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the verified WoWS dispersion model:
Shell scatter width @ 5 km52.5 m
Horizontal scatter at a fixed 5 km, from the same verified dispersion model as the rows below - a knife-fight-range anchor comparable across ships.
Shell scatter width @ 10 km90 m
How wide your shells scatter at 10 km, from the same dispersion model as the max-range figure above. Picking a fixed range makes this number directly comparable from ship to ship: max-range dispersion makes a longer-range gun look worse even when it's tighter at any common range. The interactive Dispersion tab on the Charts card plots the full curve from 0 to max range.
Shell scatter width @ 15 km127.5 m
Horizontal scatter at a fixed 15 km, from the same verified dispersion model - the long-range anchor. Only shown when the ship's guns reach 15 km.
Max Vert Disp79 m at 15.6 km
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range:
Shell scatter height @ 10 km47.6 m
How tall the same scatter ellipse is at 10 km. Comparable from ship to ship for the same reason as the width value above. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data: at 0 m, at m, and at 15555 m. Above the kink: , so .
Med Horiz Disp39.5 m at 15.6 km
50%-hit horizontal radius:
Med Vert Disp23.7 m at 15.6 km
50%-hit vertical radius:
AP Pen Close227.4 mm point-blank
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: . Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far60.2 mm at 15.6 km
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (15.6 km), where the shell has slowed to 308.6 m/s: .
AP pen 5 km137 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 5 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP pen 10 km86 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 10 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
AP pen 15 km62 mm
AP penetration at a fixed 15 km, read off the same PC-validated ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the canonical community AP formula . Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.
HE flight time @ 10 km6.68 s
How long an HE shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 808 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
AP flight time @ 10 km6.6 s
How long an AP shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag, , where is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass: . That runs from a 808 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77: the game clock runs faster than real time, and that factor was measured against stopwatch runs in the Training Room. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.
HE penetration21 mm
21 mm ≈ 127 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(127 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius10
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha12
Barrels that can bear on one beam (12 of 16); casemate/wing mounts only fire one side.
Turret turn time6 s
180 degrees / 30 deg/s traverse speed = 6 s.
HE full-salvo alpha25,200
2,100 HE damage x 12 broadside guns = 25,200.
AP full-salvo alpha31,200
2,600 AP damage x 12 broadside guns = 31,200.
HE DPMInitial: 472,500 → 521,379
Zero upgrades: 25,200 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 3.2 s base reload = 472,500. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 25,200 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 2.9 s all-upgrades reload = 521,379.
AP DPMInitial: 585,000 → 645,517
Zero upgrades: 31,200 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 3.2 s base reload = 585,000. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 31,200 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 2.9 s all-upgrades reload = 645,517.
Shells/minInitial: 225 → 248.3
Zero upgrades: 12 broadside guns x 60 / 3.2 s base reload = 225. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 12 broadside guns x 60 / 2.9 s all-upgrades reload = 248.3.
Fires/minInitial: 15.75 → 17.38
Zero upgrades: 225 shells/min x 7% fire chance = 15.75. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 248.3 shells/min x 7% fire chance = 17.38.
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Defensive AA Fire
Engine Boost
Repair Party